It is impossible once and for all to save plants from contact with nature. Weeds we call plants that are trying to win back a piece of soil. Pests — living inhabitants of the Earth, striving for procreation. Diseases are the beginning of the process of destruction of a weakened plant, laid down by Nature. The task of the gardener is not the complete eradication of pests and diseases. It regulates the number of pests, increases the resistance of trees to diseases, and destroys the source of the spread of infection.

Calendar of preventive work in the garden

The responsible period for preventive measures in the garden gardeners consider spring — the time of the awakening of nature. For the period from the appearance of thawed patches to the formation of ovaries on trees, 4 preventive treatments are distributed:

1. Until the kidneys swell, at a temperature of about +5 ⁰ FROM.

2. According to the green cone — the time of swollen buds.

3. During the budding period — on a pink bud.

4. After flowering and before the formation of pea-sized ovaries.

Each of the stages is characterized by the appearance of new living forms of insects and invertebrates, the creation of conditions for diseases and fungal colonization. Timely carried out protective measures ensure the health of the garden at the time of fruiting.

In the summer they inspect the hunting belts, destroy the living creatures crawling up the trunk in traps. They scare away and destroy caterpillars of insects that have flown in or brought by the wind from neighboring areas. Use folk remedies, biological preparations. Chemical insecticides and fungicides are used in extreme cases. Each substance has an expiration date, it must be taken into account so that the poison has time to decompose before the fruit is removed.

Autumn garden treatments for diseases and pests are called eradicating. They are aimed at the destruction of wintering forms of insects on trees, foliage and in the ground. At the same time, they clean out the damage caused by rot, remove dried branches inhabited by pests.

In winter, the condition of the trees is monitored. Branches should not break under snow caps. The snow at the trunks is trampled down to prevent biting from below. Let’s analyze each of the stages in more detail.

Prevention of diseases and pests of fruit trees in spring

As soon as the sun begins to warm in the spring, despite the slight frost -5 -7 ⁰ insulation pads need to be removed. So the earth under the tree will warm up faster, and the numb population, hiding in the foliage, will not scatter. In the oven or on the fire.

There were trapping belts — to remove and into the stove. At this time, you can clean the hollows, cut off dry twigs, sweep out the winterers huddled under the bark with a stiff brush. Everything must be collected on a bedding, turned into ashes.

Sleeping kidney treatment

Temperature +5 +7 ⁰ C — the time of chemical treatments of the garden. The kidneys have not yet swollen, it is possible to spray the trunks and basal circles with a solution of urea with a concentration of 5-7% + 50 g / 10 l of copper sulfate. In regions with late spring, urea treatment will delay flowering by a week, which is essential for spring. At the same time, pests and fungal spores wintering in the cracks will be destroyed. Processing simultaneously serves as top dressing with organic nitrogen, which is very important in spring.

The drug «30 Plus» based on vaseline oil is effective in the first warm days. The usual mining, Nitrofen or diesel fuel is used. Spreading along the trunk, they will cover all living things with an oil film, blocking the access of oxygen. The oviposition, larva and adult will die.

They missed the time and the buds are already swelling, but they have not opened. Then you need to use drugs that work in cold, but positive temperatures.

1. 1. Bordeaux mixture 3%

2. 2. Abiga Peak

3. 3. Chorus

4. 4. Raek

5. 5. Iron vitriol against mosses and lichens

6. 6. Speed

Green cone prevention

The buds have hatched, the garden is in a green haze. Air temperature above 12 ⁰ C. Time of decline in the number of apple weevil. It is at this time that he makes laying in cones of tender leaves. It becomes warm, disputes develop, the ants carried the aphids to the place of the future pasture. It is necessary to carry out treatments against diseases and pests. It is better to combine two drugs — an insecticide and a fungicide by making a tank mixture, choosing:

1. From diseases Skor, Oksikhom or Bordeaux mixture 1%.

2. From pests Kinmiks, Tantrek, Fufanon.

In the garden at this time, you can set traps for weevils — bowls with fermented jam. Put on trapping belts on trees so that evil spirits from the ground do not rise along the trunk to the crown. If you spread a film under a tree early in the morning and shake the branches, most of the weevils will be on the ground.

Garden processing by rosebud

At the moment preceding the opening of flowers, the codling moth is already flying, laying eggs on the leaves so that the caterpillars immediately find the flower. Therefore, carefully, spraying into the fog, you need to process the entire crown, leaving no dry places.

Spraying is aimed at the destruction of insect pests. Use drugs of contact and systemic action, it is possible in a mixture, if the instructions indicate this.

It is optimal for each treatment to change the agent during the season. In warm weather, the biological preparation Bitoxibacillin is effective. You can use Fitoverm, Spark, Decis Profi.

Garden processing by ovaries

If they met the deadline and carried out three treatments with the recommended intervals between them, the garden was protected. The time has come for the development of moniliosis. The apple codling moth makes clutches at night and during the day. You can hang fermented compote on the branches — traps for adult codling moths. Spray trees from diseases with Fitosporin, Sporobacterin, Gamair. From pests — Lipidotsid, Fitoverm, Insetim.

Summer processing of fruit trees

In the summer, during the pouring of fruits, the garden is not treated with chemicals unless absolutely necessary. Rust appeared on the leaves of the pear — it will not reduce the yield, it passed from the juniper. In the fall, agree with the owner of the coniferous tree and jointly carry out eradication treatment. Some leaves are spotted — observe, spray with sporobacterin, harmless to the fruit. Biological products and homemade infusions will help to cope with leaf-eating, caterpillars.

Eradication processing of fruit trees in autumn

After the harvest, it’s time to prepare the garden for the next season. If there were no big problems with fungal diseases in the summer, you need to wait for complete leaf fall.

It is always necessary to collect carrion in order to prevent wintering insects from leaving for the ground. Closer to frost, remove and burn the hunting belts with the contents.

It is called uprooting treatment, since reagents are used at a concentration of 3-7%, depending on the condition of the trees. If the tree is very sick, after harvesting the leaves are sprayed on the branches to destroy the infection.

Use solutions of urea, iron or copper sulfate. Apply any fungicides of industrial production. The aqueous solution is prepared according to the instructions.

Insects, their clutches and larvae are destroyed using insecticides approved for use in private gardens. Before winter, bactericidal preparations are not used; at low temperatures, bacteria are not active.

Preparations used to protect the garden

All means of protection can be divided into home, biological and chemical. Folk — such as an infusion of onion peel or celandine, are used in the initial stage of infection, when it is possible to solve the problem in old-fashioned ways.

Biologically active preparations are concentrated solutions of bacteria, which, when processed, infiltrate the gastrointestinal tract of an insect or caterpillar, fight antagonist fungi (hay bacillus, trichoderma). They are environmentally friendly, but only work in warm weather, it takes time to prepare a working solution.

Chemical preparations representing poisons for various life forms. Therefore, the compositions are called according to the purpose of application:

1. 
   Fungicides — destroy spores, hyphae, mycelium of fungi, lichens, molds. Fight leaf spot, LMR and MR.

2. 
   Insecticides contact and systemic action — instantly kill insects, caterpillars, adults, or destroy from the inside a few hours after being ingested with food.

3. 
   Acaricides — their action is directed against ticks.

During the summer, you can not use the same protective drug several times — the surviving forms develop immunity. Therefore, chemical and biological treatments alternate using different preparations. It is necessary to observe the rate of dilution and consumption indicated in the instructions.

For complex processing of the garden, simultaneous foliar feeding, tank mixtures are used — several compatible preparations in the desired dilution are drained for a single use. There are ready-made recipes, you can mix the drugs yourself.

It is important that the tools are clean and comfortable, the pneumatic tool gives a fine spray, reaches the desired height. It must be remembered that all substances that destroy living things are dangerous to humans. Their preparation and gardening are carried out in closed clothes, rubber gloves and a screen that protects the eyes and face.

Preparations used to treat the garden

Fungicides

There are many drugs that destroy the manifestations of the disease and rot of leaves, wood and roots. They differ in active substance and selective action.

Triazoles are drugs that successfully fight all diseases except Fusarium. They are systemic, long-acting. Used at temperatures above +12 ⁰ FROM. The active substance moves after the growth point.

1. Speed

2. Medea

3. Angle

4. Topaz

5. Forecast

From Fusarium wilt, phomosis, gray and white and root rot, benzomidazole in the form of Whist checkers is offered.

Strobulins are applied in early spring or late autumn, they act on all diseases like triazoles, but at a low temperature:

1. Thanos

2. Healer

3. Profit Gold

4. Pharmacist

Carbamates have a systemic preventive effect against fungal diseases — the drug is distributed throughout the vascular system. Previkur Energy does not cure, it prevents diseases.

Pramidins have a systemic effect against scab, powdery mildew and moniliosis. In early spring, Horus is used.

Cuproxates are copper-containing drugs with a surface action on diseases and fungi. They are phytotoxic, for a season you can use a total of no more than 3 times.

1. Copper sulfate 1.3.5% aqueous solution

2. Bordeaux liquid

3. Hom

4. Oksikhom

Insecticides

There are many systemic and contact drugs that kill insects and offspring. They have a different basis and degree of harmfulness to humans and warm-blooded animals. For processing, drugs that cause less damage to nature are chosen.

Pyrethroids are fast-acting drugs with low toxicity to warm-blooded animals. But you can use cypermethrin formulations once — there is a rapid addiction. There are many, let’s list a few.

1. Beetle Eater, Ivanhoe, Fatrin

2. Kinmix

3. Taran, Fury

4. Spark

5. Alatar, Inta-Vir, Lightning Extra

Organophosphorus insecticides (OPs) are toxic to humans and animals, but they act to eradicate all crawling and flying insects. These include Thunder, Mukhoed, Barguzin based on the active substance diazinon. Alatar, Fufanon-Nova, Antiklesch, Karbotsin, Profilaktin belong to a number of karbofosovye.

Neonicatinoids — drugs are not toxic to humans, but paralyze insects — the action is directed to the nervous system. If the instructions contain the active ingredients acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiamethoxam or imidacloprid + pencycuron, then efficiency and safety for humans are guaranteed.

1. Mospilan, Stozhar

2. Tanrek, Taboo, Prestige

3. chastener

4. Aktara, Doctor

Avermectins are drugs that are harmless to humans, not addictive, but the result of the action appears on the next day. These include Fitoverm and Biokill.

The drug Gerold is classified as a hormonal drug. Its action is not based on killing, sterilizing insects.

Acaricides — drugs of contact action. Acvermectins are effective against ticks. In addition, Apollo is used to treat trees from red fruit mites and spider mites, with the active ingredient cloftezin. The validity period of one treatment is one month.

Each of the drugs is supplied with instructions for use. Before use, please note:

1. in what period, at what temperature the device is effective;

2. against what diseases it is directed;

3. disintegration time of the active substance after application.

Biological preparations for garden protection

Biological products are called living organisms, antagonists of pathogens. They are divided into 8 groups. Bioinsecticides and biofungicides are used to treat the garden.

Bioinsecticides include systemic drugs Bitoxibacillin (BTB) and Lepidocid. They are based on strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which acts against hundreds of different insects. Getting with food, the bacterium destroys the insect from the inside. Preparations are safe for bees, fish, do not accumulate in plants. Active at +16 ⁰ FROM.

Bacterial fungicides are presented more widely. They have a stimulating effect on plants, suppressing the development of diseases:

1. 
   Albite — the main action is a growth regulator. Increases plant resistance to root rot, spotting, powdery mildew, late blight and bacterial rot.

2. 
   Fitolavin – prevention and treatment of Alternaria, blossom end rot, black bacterial spot.

3. 
   Phytosporin, universal drug in powder and plate, inhibits the development of most known fungal and bacterial diseases.

General rules for carrying out treatments in the garden

All treatments are carried out on dry leaves, when precipitation is not expected in the next 2-3 days. If the rain covered the treated tree earlier, the result is zero. Time is not lost — repeat, lost — do not count. Weather conditions did not allow processing — it is impossible to catch up. Move on to the next one.

Between two sprays of the same type on the same tree, at least 2 weeks should elapse. During this time, the active drug will be destroyed. In the spring, it is impossible to process a green cone and a pink bud with one composition. Between fungicidal and insecticidal treatment, a gap of 1-2 days is made.

For spring treatments, it is necessary to prepare complex tank mixtures, common against diseases and pests. But first, compatibility is checked on a small amount. If the mixture warms up, foams, an unpleasant odor appears, flakes, sediment, the composition is not suitable.

The best time for processing is calm weather in the evening or in the morning when there is no sun. Spraying starts from above, leaving no dry place. The spray should be thin, the hose and rod should be matched to the growth of tall trees.

Consumption of drugs

Diluted according to the instructions, used according to the norm, the poisonous component will not leave a trace by the time of harvest. The consumption of the drug per tree is verified.

For young trees up to 6 years old, use no more than 2 liters. A bucket of liquid goes to a tall adult tree, unless a different flow rate is indicated in the instructions. Dwarf varieties are sprayed carefully, but the solution will be required 2-3 times less than on a tall tree.